Threshold Verification Technique for Network Intrusion Detection System

Internet has played a vital role in this modern world, the possibilities and opportunities offered are limitless. Despite all the hype, Internet services are liable to intrusion attack that could tamper the confidentiality and integrity of important information. An attack started with gathering the information of the attack target, this gathering of information activity can be done as either fast or slow attack. The defensive measure network administrator can take to overcome this liability is by introducing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) in their network. IDS have the capabilities to analyze the network traffic and recognize incoming and on-going intrusion. Unfortunately the combination of both modules in real time network traffic slowed down the detection process. In real time network, early detection of fast attack can prevent any further attack and reduce the unauthorized access on the targeted machine. The suitable set of feature selection and the correct threshold value, add an extra advantage for IDS to detect anomalies in the network. Therefore this paper discusses a new technique for selecting static threshold value from a minimum standard features in detecting fast attack from the victim perspective. In order to increase the confidence of the threshold value the result is verified using Statistical Process Control (SPC). The implementation of this approach shows that the threshold selected is suitable for identifying the fast attack in real time.Comment: 8 Pages, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Securit

The differential effects of high-fat and high- -fructose diets on the liver of male albino rat and the proposed underlying mechanisms

Background: The Western-style diet is characterised by the high intake of energy- -dense foods. Consumption of either high-fructose diet or saturated fat resulted in the development of metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Many researchers studied the effect of high-fat diet (HFD), high-fructose diet (HFruD) and high-fructose high-fat diet (HFHF) on the liver. The missing data are the comparison effect of these groups i.e. are effects of the HFHF diet on the liver more pronounced? So, this study was designed to compare the metabolic and histopathological effect of the HFD, HFruD, and HFHF on the liver. The proposed underlying mechanisms involved in these changes were also studied.  Materials and methods: Twenty four rats were divided into four groups: con- trol, HFD, HFruD, and HFHF. Food was offered for 6 weeks. Biochemical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical (Inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]), real-time polymerase chain reaction (gene expression of TNF-α, interleukin-6, Bax, BCL-2, and caspase 3), histomorphometric analysis and oxidative/antioxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], malondialdehyde [MDA]/glutathione [GSH] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) were done.  Results: The HFD, HFruD and HFHF groups developed a cluster of liver disorders; steatosis, necrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, ballooning degeneration and cytopla- smic vacuolations. Internal metabolic impairments include elevated serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and decreased serum levels of high density lipoprotein and albumin. The immunoreaction of the α-SMA and iNOS was strong in these groups. The oxidant markers (MDA and TBARS) were elevated, while the antioxidant markers (SOD and GSH) were decreased. The area per cent of collagen, inflammatory markers, caspase 3 and Bax were elevated, while the BCL-2/Bax ratio was decreased. The decrease in PAS, antioxidant markers and the elevation of the α-SMA, iNOS, inflammatory and oxidant markers were obvious in the HFHF when compared to that of the other groups.  Conclusions: High-fat diet, HFruD, and HFHF developed morphologic hepatic changes ranging from steatosis to necrosis and inflammation, besides the deve- lopment of internal metabolic impairments. The chief factors of hepatic injury were fat accumulation in the hepatocytes, oxidative stress and highly elevated iNOS. Compared to the other groups, HFHF’s effect was more prominent.

Acute myeloid leukemia in children in Pakistan: an audit

Objective: To see the clinical features and treatment of children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Pakistan. Setting: Tertiary referral at a specialist Hematology/Oncology center. Methods: Retrospective, chart-based review of children (less than 14 years) admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of AML between January 1987 and August 1997. Results: A total of 23 patients were admitted. There were 18 males and 5 females. The mean age was 8 5 years. M3 was the commonest morphological subtype (43%). Twenty- two percent of the patients presented with hyperleucocytosis (TLC\u3e 100 x i09 /L) and 95% with an elevated LDH (\u3e548 lUlL). Pneumonia at presentation was seen in 29%. Of 23 patients 14 were evaluable for responses. Six patients died early (43%); 3 before starting the chemotherapy and 3 during the induction chemotherapy, 8/11 (73%) patients entered remission. The median survival was 9 months. Conclusion: The pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia present with advanced disease. There is a high early death rate (within 28 days of diagnosis). The long-term outcome was inferior to that reported in the literature (JPMA 52:247; 2002)

Influence of built form in urban ventilation assessment of tropical cities with weak wind conditions

Urban ventilation is recognized as effective countermeasure on air pollution and urban heat island, yet most tropical urban areas receive low annual mean wind velocity thus lessening potential for urban ventilation. Effect of built form on resulting mean wind velocity at pedestrian-level was analyzed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess effectiveness in urban ventilation of tropical cities with weak wind conditions based on three heterogeneous built form of Kampung Baru, Taman Keramat and Pantai Dalam which located in the city of Kuala Lumpur for wind direction from south and west. The urban density for the built form was characterized by using urban packing density parameter of frontal area ratio, ?f and the urban ventilation was assessed based on availability of pedestrian wind which described using wind velocity ratio, VR. Influence of built form in urban ventilation was found to be significant in affecting the mean wind velocity, where magnitude of VR at pedestrian-level was decreasing as the value of ?f of the built form increases. Suggestions to improve urban ventilation design in major development project are provided based on these findings

Transition induced by linear and nonlinear perturbation growth in flow past a compressor blade

Flow past a NACA 65 blade at chord-based Reynolds number 138;500 is studied using stability analysis, generalised (spatially weighted) transient growth analysis and direct numerical simulations (DNS). The mechanisms of transition on various sections of the blade observed in previous work (Zaki et al. 2010) are examined, with a focus on the pressure side around the leading edge. In this region, the linearly most energetic perturbation has spanwise wavenumber 40π (five boundary layer thicknesses) and is tilted against the mean shear to take advantage of the Orr mechanism. In a DNS, the nonlinear development of this optimal perturbation induces ˄ structures, which are further stretched to hairpin vortices before breaking down to turbulence. At higher spanwise wavenumber, e.g. 120π, a free-stream optimal perturbation is obtained upstream of the leading edge, in the form of streamwise vortices. During its nonlinear evolution, this optimal perturbation tilts the mean shear and generates spanwise periodic high and low-speed streaks. Then through a nonlinear lift-up mechanism, the low-speed streaks are lifted above the high speed ones. This layout of streaks generates a mean shear with two in inflectional points, and activates secondary instabilities, namely inner and outer instabilities previously reported in the literature

Analisis Varian Percobaan Faktorial Dua Faktor Rakl Dengan Metode Fixed Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction

Factorial experiment is an experiment where is in a condition (experiment unit) were attempted simultaneously from several single experiment. Two-factor factorial experiment with the basic design CRBD (Completely Randomized Block Design) is used to assess the interaction of genotype and environment on multi-location trials. The analysis can be applied in multi-location trials is AMMI analysis (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction). AMMI analysis in the calculations using analysis of variance in a factorial experiment to test the effect of the interaction and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to elucidate the effect of the interaction with the interpretation of the results using the biplot-AMMI. Based on research with seven genotypes of rice (S382b-2-2-3, 3-2-3-1 S2389d-, S24871-65-4, S2824-1d-6, S2945f-59, Poso, and C22) and four locations (Sukamandi 94, Batang 94, Taman Bogo 94, and Garut 94) there is the influence of genotype, location, and interaction with genotype and location on rice production. Obtained three Principal Component Interactions (KUI1, KUI2 and KUI3) with the contribution of diversity respectively 78.29%, 13.94% and 7.77%. Interpretation of the AMMI Biplot is obtained genotype 1 (S382b-2-2-3) very suitable to be planted in a location 4 (Garut 94), genotype 2 (S2389d-3-2-3-1) very suitable to be planted in a location 3 (Taman Bogo 94), genotype 3 (S24871-65-4) is more suitable to be planted in locations 2 (Batang 94), genotype 4 (S2824-1d-6) are very suitable to be planted in a location 4 (Garut 94), genotype 5 (S2945f-59) is more suitable to be planted in locations 2 (Batang 94), genotype 6 (Poso) very suitable to be planted in a location 1 (Sukamandi 94) and genotype 7 (C22) is very suitable to be planted in locations 2 (Batang 94)